Geotourism Prospect in and around Dubrajpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
Abstract
In this era, it is not a luxury to see new places but a natural urge of the people, making tourism a huge industry. Tourists used to travel and tour for religious, cultural, educational, employment, business, health and adventure purposes. Geomorphologically, the Indian subcontinent is a land of great diversity. It is famous for its grand scenery. Almost all the geomorphic landscapes of the earth are present in this subcontinent. The Himalaya came up with blessings for India and India’s grand scenery in the subcontinent. Geotourism is a new form of tourism that is based on geomorphology, geology and also on different geological environments. Geotourism offers a new form of sustainable tourism that is more holistic than previous niche forms of tourism. There are some incredible rocks/rock formations across the Indian Sub-continent which can be the foundation of a geotourism site. The balancing rock forms a startling type, where one or more rocks are balancing on each other. Some of the finest examples are the ‘Balancing rock’ of Jabalpur, the balancing rock of Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu which is distinguished as ‘Krishna’s Butter Ball’, and the balancing rocks of ‘Mama-Bhagne Pahar’ in Dubrajpur. Among these three amazing spots, the first two is already well known to tourists, however, Mama-Bhagne pahar also offers a famous geomorphosite that has potential from geotourism perspective. However, there are some problems related to anthropogenic interventions that have to overcome to make it a famous geotourism site. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate geoconservation and geotourism development strategies for the concerned geomorphosite that will protect the site from human activities and promote local tourism in a sustainable way. Moreover, Dubrajpur is located in the approachable vicinity of some popular and famous tourist spots of Birbhum district like Tarapith, Nalhati, Pathar Chapuri, Siuri, Amkhoi, Bolpur, Santiniketan and the very famous Bakreswar.
References
C. Sharples, “A methodology for the identification of significant landforms and geological sites for geoconservation purposes,” Report to Forestry Commission, Tasmania, 1993.
C. Sharples, “Geoconservation in forest management – principles and procedures,” Tasforests, Forestry Tasmania, Hobart, vol. 7, pp. 37 – 50, Dec. 1995.
G. Dixon, “Geoconservation: An International Review and Strategy for Tasmania; A Report to the Australian Heritage Commission, Occasional Paper no. 35, Parks & Wildlife Service, Tasmania, 1996.
AHC, “Australian Natural Heritage Charter for the Conservation of Places of Natural Heritage Significance; Australian Heritage Commission in association with Australian Committee for IUCN,” Sydney (2nd Edition; first edition 1996).
M. Gray, “Geodiversity: valuing and conserving abiotic nature,” Wiley, Chichester, pp. 434, 2004.
T.A. Hose, S. Markovic, B. Komac and M. Zorn, “Geotourism: A short introduction,” Acta Geographica Slovenica, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 339 – 341, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS51301
R.K. Dowling, “Geotourism’s global growth. Geoheritage,” vol. 3, pp. 1 – 13, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-010-0024-7
T.A. Hose and D. Vasiljevic, “Defining the Nature and Purpose of Modern Geotourism with Particular Reference to the United Kingdom and South-East Europe,” Geoheritage, vol. 4, no. 25, pp. 25 – 43, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-011-0050-0
T.A. Hose, “3G’s for modern geotourism,” Geoheritage, vol. 4, no. 1–2, pp. 7 – 24, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-011-0052-y
A. Ghosh and B. Bera, “Landform classification and geomorphological mapping of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, India”, Quaternary Science Advances, vol. 10, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100082
V.S. Kale (Geomorphosites and Geoheritage Sites in India, In: V. S. Kale (ed.), Landscapes and Landforms of India, World Geomorphological Landscapes, Springer, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8029-2_27.
E. Reynard, “Geosites–In: A.S. Goudie (ed.): Encyclopedia of Geomorphology,” Routledge, pp. 440, 2004.
C.S. Raja Rao, “Coal resources of Bihar (excluding Dhanbad District),” Bulletin Geological Survey India Series, vol. 45, no. IV, pp. 300 – 332, 1987.
R.S. Tiwari and A. Tripathi, “Palynological assemblages and absolute age relationship of Intertrappean beds in the Rajmahal Basin, India,” Cretaceous Research, vol. 16, pp. 53 – 72, 1995.
A. Tripathi, “Palynochronology of Lower Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary succession of the Rajmahal formation in the Rajmahal Basin, India,” Cretaceous Research, vol. 29, pp. 913 – 924, 2008.
V. Ball, “Geology of the Rajmahal Hills,” Memoir Geological Survey India, vol. 13, pp. 155 – 248, 1877.
A. Saxena, M.M. Khan, N. Raychowdhury and K.J. Singh, “Early Permian macroCoral diversity in Indian Gondwana: Evidence from Talchir Formation of Singrauli coalfield, Son–Mahanadi valley basin, central India,” J. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 131, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01805-w
J.W. Lee and T. Brahmasrene, “Tourism effects on the environment and economic sustainability of sub-Saharan Africa,” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 221 – 232, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2015.1114976
H. Hui-Chuan and K.M. Hua, “A Study on Tourist Satisfaction in Sanyi,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 244 – 248, 2014. DOI: 10.7763/IJIMT.2014.V5.521
K. Datta, “Application of SWOT-TOWS Matrix and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the Formulation of Geoconservation and Geotourism Development Strategies for Mama Bhagne Pahar: An Important Geomorphosite in West Bengal, India,” Geoheritage, vol. 12, no. 45, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-020-00467-2
L.L.S. O’Malley, “Bengal District Gazetteers: Birbhum,” Calcutta: The Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1910.
K. Datta and S. Sarkar, “Calculation of area, mapping and vulnerability assessment of a geomorphosite from GPS survey and high resolution Google Earth satellite image: a study in Mama Bhagne Pahar, Dubrajpur C. D. block, Birbhum district, West Bengal,” Spat Inf Res, vol. 27, pp. 521 – 528, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-019-00249-1
D.L. Linton, “The problem of tors,” The Geogr J, vol. 121, pp. 470 – 487, 1955. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1791756
M. Brocx and V. Semeniuk, “Geoheritage and geoconservation: History, definition, scope and scale,” Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, vol. 90, pp. 53 – 87, 2007.
B. Saha, “Amkhoi Geopark: Geotourism and Socio-economic Development of the Rural Areas of Chaupahari Forest and Adjoining Area, Birbhum, West Bengal, India,” The Nucleus, vol.60, no. 1, pp. 71 – 77, 2023.
B. Saha, “Geotourism in and Around the Hot Springs of Bakreswar, West Bengal, India,” International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 812 – 822, 2019.