ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN THE VICINITY OF LEI NALA, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Abstract
Quality of groundwater samples in vicinity of Lei Nala in Islamabad was assessed using physio-chemical and geochemical parameters. Lei Nala was sampled at four different locations, ten shallow groundwater samples (upto 200 feet) and twelve deep groundwater samples (>200 feet) were collected for analysis. Absence of carbonate ions (CO3 -2) in all groundwater samples indicates presence of limestone dissolution giving rise to bicarbonate and ultimately Ca-Mg type waters. Piper diagram reveals dominance with 53.86 % of Ca-Mg-type of water in the studied area. For anion concentration, HCO3-type of water predominated with 96.15 % samples. There is no significant change in the hydrochemical facies in the study area, indicating that most of the major ions are natural in origin which is due to the fact that groundwater is passing through sedimentary rocks and dissolves Margalla Hill Limestone thus dominating HCO3 and Ca-Mg facies.References
S.S.D. Foster, B.L. Morris, A.R. Lawrence
and P.J. Chilton, In Proceedings of IAH
XXVII Congress ‘groundwater in the urban
environment’ II/ IAH Int. contributions of
hydrogeology, Nottingham (1999).
UNEP: Key Environmental Issues In: State of
Environment, (2001) Publisher: United
Nations Environment Programme 23.
Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA)-EPA Joint Report Environmental
investigations in Pakistan (2000).
T. Javed, R.M. Qureshi, A. Mashiatullah, N.
Ahmed, W. Akram and M.A. Tasneem,
Proceedings of First International Conference
on Environmentally Sustainable Development
Volume II, COMSATS Abbottabad, 26-28
June (2005) p. 1035.
N. M. Johnson, G.E. Likens, F.H. Bormann,
D.W. Fisher and R.S. Pierce, Water Resour.
Res. 5 (1969) 1353.
E.R. Hall, Water Resour. Res. 63 (1970) 845.
E.R. Hall, Water Resour. Res. 73 (1971) 591.
G.B. Lawrence and C.T.Driscoll, N.H., J.
Hydrol. 116 (1990) 147.
W. P. Kelley, Proc. Ameri. Soc. Civil Engr.
(ASCE) 66 (1940) 607.
L. V. Wilcox, US Dept. Agric. Bull. (1962) 40.
G.E. Likens, F.H. Bormann, R.S. Pierce, J.S.
Eaton and N.M. Johnson, Springer-Verlag,
New York (1977) 146.
H. Hultberg, In F. Andersson and B. Olsson,
Eco. Bull. (Stockholm) (1985) 133.
R.K. Munson and S.A. Gherini, In Acidic
Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems:
Regional Case Studies. Springer-Verlag,
New York (1991) 35.
P.J. Stuyfzand, J. Hydrol. 7 (1999) 15.
B. K. Handa, Soil Sci. 98 (1964) 264.
J. D. Hem, U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply
Paper (1985) 2254, 117.
S. Rashid, A.Q. Khan and K. Asghar, Third
South Asia Congress, Lahore, Pakistan
(2000) 25.
M.I. Sheikh, K. M. Pasha, S. V. Williams, S.
Q. Raza and S. A. Khan, U. S. Geol. Surv.
Bulletin 2078-G. (2010).
T.M. Florence and G.E. Batley, Anal. Chem.
(1980) 219.
A.L. Wilson, The chemical analysis of water:
general principles and techniques. The
Chemical Society, Burlington House, London;
(1974) 188.
J. M. Mermet, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 20
(2005) 11.
Standard methods for examination of water
and waste water, 13th Ed. (1971) published
by: American Public Health Association.
A.M. Piper, U.S. Geol. Surv. Groundwater
Notes 12 (1953) 42.
Z. Shah and Z. Ahmed, In: Geology and
Geophysics of Pakistan, Published by:
Journal of the Virtual Explorer, ISSN 1441-
, 23, 4, doi:10.3809/jvirtex.2006.00153.
(2006).
Z. Ahmad, Kashmir J. Geol. 3 (1985) 18.
W. Back and B.B. Hanshaw, In Chemical
Geohydrology, Academic Press, New York,
(1965) 49.
A. Zaporozee, Groundwater 102 (1972) 32.
